描述

IC695ALG626

變頻器的正確選擇對于控制系統(tǒng)的正常運行是非常關鍵的。選擇變頻器時必須要充分了解變頻器所驅(qū)動的負載特性。人們在實踐中常將生產(chǎn)機械分為三種類型:恒轉(zhuǎn)矩負載、恒功率負載和風機、水泵負載。

? ? 1、根據(jù)負載特性選擇變頻器，如負載為恒轉(zhuǎn)矩負載需選變頻器，如負載為風機、泵類負載應選擇風機、泵類變頻器。因為風機、水泵會隨著轉(zhuǎn)速增大力矩。而剛啟動時力矩較小。

? ? 2、選擇變頻器時應以實際電機電流值作為變頻器選擇的依據(jù)，電機的額定功率只能作為參考。另外,應充分考慮變頻器的輸出含有豐富的高次諧波，會使電動機的功率因數(shù)和效率變壞。因此用變頻器給電動機供電與用工頻電網(wǎng)供電相比較，電動機的電流會增加10％而溫升會增加20％左右。所以在選擇電動機和變頻器時，應考慮到這種情況，適當留有余量，以防止溫升過高，影響電動機的使用壽命。

? ? 3、變頻器若要長電纜運行時，此時應該采取措施抑制長電纜對地耦合電容的影響，避免變頻器出力不夠。所以變頻器應放大一、兩檔選擇或在變頻器的輸出端安裝輸出電抗器。

? ? 4、對于一些特殊的應用場合，如高環(huán)境溫度、高開關頻率（尤其是在樓宇自控等對噪音限制較高的應用場所使用時需注意）、高海拔此時會引起變頻器的降容，變頻器需放大一檔選擇。

? ? 5、當變頻器用于控制并聯(lián)的幾臺電機時，一定要考慮變高度等，頻器到電動機的電纜的長度總和在變頻器的容許范圍內(nèi)。如果超過規(guī)定值，要放大一檔或兩檔來選擇變頻器。另外在此種情況下，變頻器的控制方式只能為V/F控制方式，并且變頻器無法實現(xiàn)電動機的過流、過載保護，此時需在每臺電動機側(cè)加熔斷器來實現(xiàn)保護。

? ? 6、使用變頻器控制高速電機時，由于高速電動機的電抗小，會產(chǎn)生較多的高次諧波。而這些高次諧波會使變頻器的輸出電流值增加。因此，選擇用于高速電動機的變頻器時，應比普通電動機的變頻器稍大一些。

? ? 7、變頻器用于變極電動機時，應充分注意選擇變頻器的容量，使其最大額定電流在變頻器的額定輸出電流以下。另外，在運行中進行極數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換時，應先停止電動機工作，否則會造成電動機空轉(zhuǎn)，惡劣時會造成變頻器損壞。

? ? 8、驅(qū)動防爆電動機時，變頻器沒有防爆構(gòu)造，應將變頻器設置在危險場所之外。

? ? 9、使用變頻器驅(qū)動齒輪減速電動機時，使用范圍受到齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動部分潤滑方式的制約。潤滑油潤滑時，在低速范圍內(nèi)沒有限制；在超過額定轉(zhuǎn)速以上的高速范圍內(nèi)，有可能發(fā)生潤滑油用光的危險。因此，不要超過最高轉(zhuǎn)速容許值。

? ? 10、變頻器驅(qū)動繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動機時，大多是利用已有的電動機。繞線電動機與普通的鼠籠電動機相比，繞線電動機繞組的阻抗小。因此，容易發(fā)生由于紋波電流而引起的過電流跳閘現(xiàn)象，所以應選擇比通常容量稍大的變頻器。一般繞線電動機多用于飛輪力矩GD2較大的場合，在設定加減速時間時應多注意。

? ? 11、變頻器驅(qū)動同步電動機時，與工頻電源相比，會降低輸出容量10％～20％，變頻器的連續(xù)輸出電流要大于同步電動機額定電流與同步牽入電流的標幺值的乘積.

? ? 12、對于壓縮機、振動機等轉(zhuǎn)矩波動大的負載和油壓泵等有峰值負載情況下，如果按照電動機的額定電流或功率值選擇變頻器的話，有可能發(fā)生因峰值電流使過電流保護動作現(xiàn)象。因此，應了解工頻運行情況，選擇比其最大電流更大的額定輸出電流的變頻器。

? ? 13、變頻器驅(qū)動潛水泵電動機時，因為潛水泵電動機的額定電流比通常電動機的額定電流大,所以選擇變頻器時，其額定電流要大于潛水泵電動機的額定電流。

? ? 14、當變頻器控制羅茨風機或特種風機時，由于羅茨風機為容積形鼓風機，具有輸出風壓高的特點。從電機特性來看，其轉(zhuǎn)矩特性近似為恒轉(zhuǎn)矩特性，其起動電流很大，所以選擇變頻器時一定要注意變頻器的容量是否足夠大。

? ? 15、選擇變頻器時，一定要注意其防護等級是否與現(xiàn)場的情況相匹配。否則現(xiàn)場的灰塵、水會影響變頻器的長久運行。

? ? 16、單相電動機不適用變頻器驅(qū)動。

? ? 17、如果變頻器的供電電源是自備電源，最好加上進線電抗器。

? ? 18、電機負載非常輕時，即使電機負載電流在變頻器額定電流之內(nèi)，亦不能使用比電機容量小很多的變頻器。這是因為電機的電抗隨電機的容量而不同，即使電機負載相同，電機容量越大其脈動電流值也越大，因而有可能超過變頻器的電流容許值。

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IC695ALG626

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